The top AI tools are classified according to the purpose of the research as follows:
- Exploration: Perplexity, Semantic Scholar, Google Scholar
- Evidence answers: Consensus, and scite
- Mapping: Litmaps, ResearchRabbit, and Connected Papers
- Reading & grounded Q&A: Readwise Reader, and NotebookLM
- Extraction: Elicit
- Analysis: Wolfram; or Python/R notebooks with an AI helper, Deepseek and ChatGPT 5
- Citations: Zotero or EndNote
- Proofreading and editing: Grammarly and Quilbot